Hi All,
Lots of mitherings, ditherings and wanderings in this thread, but very interesting...
Perhaps I can add some musings.
I was taught that the first successful beam engines were the Newcomen "Atmospheric steam" engines, that didn't have these new fangled wheel things, as "pumps needed to go up and down" (say it in a rolling Cornish - or similar). So Newcomen made his pump engines in buildings - like the South African building - with the pump outside - as that's where all the water should be... The simple action was to fill the cylinder with steam - beneath the piston - from the boiler as the pump-rod dropped, and the weight of the pump-rod forced the pump piston to push the water to the surface. The Pump-rod and pump piston were then lifted up again by the steam condensing - inside the cylinder from a squirt of cold water - thus allowing the atmospheric pressure on the outside of the engine piston to push it down, lifting the Pump-rod on the other end of the beam, so the weight can pump water on the next stroke. Actually, this was the stroke of genius, as it is the first well recorded successful use of steam as an engine.
http://www.animatedengines.com/newcomen.htmlThomas Newcomen, The Prehistory of the Steam Engine L. T. C. Rolt, David and Charles Limited, 1963 is a highly recommended read. (I must get it!).
Watt plagiarised many ideas from others and came up with a workable low-pressure beam engine, with tremendous help and support from Thomas Boulton. Many different designs followed, mostly to get-around patents - which were used to restrict knowledge to the most profitable benefit of the originator's sponsor. (all sponsors need their payback - nothing has changed since Egyptians set the rules of society!)
Trevethick followed, by the use of High pressure steam, later Stephenson and Timothy Hackworth made Steam Locomotives a real business, and a part of modern day transport history.
The first engine is really Hero's turbine, the
Aeolipile described by
Hero of Alexandria : "a Greek mathematician and engineer who was active in his native city of Alexandria, Roman Egypt"
ca.10 – ca.70 AD. But this appears to have no practical application, other than a demonstration of the "power from steam".
There are earlier references to Egyptian door-opening engines connected to steam boilers, - which were probably atmospheric engines like Newcomen's, directly acting on a lever so turn rotate the door on its hinges. (The whole mechanism being under the floor of the door opening). If it was successful, maybe there would have been other uses for the engine? - or other records? - even if no archaeological remains somewhere. Possibly many records of Hero and others were lost if they were in the Library of Alexandria, when it was burnt down. But Ancient Egyptian records were carved in stone on Temple walls.
Enough of my musings: But a post-script: I am a direct descendant of the Chickens of the North-East of England who worked with George Stevenson (as Engineers from Ryton, driving Pumping engines in Mines, later, on Locomotives), Robert Stevenson and Timothy Hackworth (both on locomotives on the Stockton and Darlington railway - through railways to London and on to the railways to Liverpool and North Wales from London).
So much history, yet so little I know!