Back on topic re Rust Removal from Cast Iron. I have successfully used electrolysis to remove rust from Cast Iron. According to the theory text books Hydrogen Embrittlement may occur with any ferrous metal that is subjected to an electrolysis type process, and some other processes. Whether that Hydrogen Embrittlement will be a problem depends entirely on what the part is and how highly stressed that part is.
My background is in the Aviation Industry. In that industry, because many of the ferrous parts used in aircraft are built as lightly as possible, and as a result are highly loaded in use, Hydrogen Embrittlement is a big concern.
But for the types of parts that we as home shop machinists are likely to be encountering, Hydrogen Embrittlement is unlikely to be a problem. That said, a highly stressed steel part in a model engine (i.e. a crankshaft) may suffer the effects of hydrogen embrittlement if it underwent some form of electrolysis - but then how likely are we to do that to a crankshaft ?
As far as the various methods of rust removal go - there are lots of techniques out there, and some have been mentioned in this thread.
Recently Lyle a.k.a. MrPete222 on his Youtube Channel has done a series of videos that he's called "The Olympics of Rust Removal". There are three videos in the sequence, and this is the first video in the sequence.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCuQquR-rzo
n these videos, Lyle tests ten of the most common home workshop techniques for rust removal.
You may not agree with all of Lyle's test methodology, and you may not agree with all of his observations and findings - but I think that by watching his Olympics of Rust Removal videos, you'll get enough information to be able to make your own assessment regarding the benefits and otherwise of each of the Rust Removal processes. I think that the videos also highlight some of the pitfalls of a few of the less controlled methods of rust removal.
Hope that info helps....
Regards,
Blanik