James--The best material for a piston running in a cast cylinder is cast iron. That is because cast iron has a very high carbon content, and is somewhat self lubricating. If you plan on making or buying cast iron rings, you pretty well must make your piston from cast iron. I cheat a bit, and make my pistons from 6061 aluminum. I can get away with that because I use a Viton o-ring instead of cast iron rings. The O-rings are inexpensive--I pay $1 each for them. These are not high temperature engines, and I know of at least one experienced engine builder who gets away with a plain black butyl rubber o-ring, but I wouldn't try that---I'd be afraid of it melting. Viton is a high heat compound and can certainly stand up to the temperatures in one of these engines. I have 4 other engines running them and they all work fine.