What confuses some people (including me, initially) is the fact that BSP fittings are specified by the BORE of the pipe and the actual thread which goes outside the pipe is bigger. Thus, a 1/2" pipe thread has a OD of 0.825" or 20.96mm. Also confusing is specifying the old imperial PIPE by the bore (e.g. 1/2"), while modern metric TUBE is specified by it's outside diameter (e.g. 15mm). The two examples of pipe and tube are virtually the same dimensionally and can be joined in a 15mm compression fitting, using a different olive for the 1/2" pipe. I don't know much about the American system, except it's different to just about everybody else.